Managing Symptoms of PCOD & PCOS

Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) are two medical conditions that affect women of reproductive age. While the two do sound similar and share some symptoms, they are both different conditions and have different health consequences. People can easily get confused between them. PCOD is a hormonal medical condition in which the woman’s ovaries starts overproducing immature eggs that lead to hormonal imbalance and swollen ovaries. PCOS is an endocrine and metabolic disorder that causes multiple cysts to form in the ovaries and is associated with hormonal imbalance that causes ovaries to overproduce androgen (a hormone associated with development of masculine characteristics).

CAUSE:

Despite being common medical conditions, the exact cause of why women suffer through PCOS and PCOD remains unclear. There is a lack of awareness and research due to several factors like social stigma around menstrual health, misinformation and variable symptoms. Doctors believe that the conditions could be developed due to genetic as well as environmental factors. PCOD and PCOS may run in the family or it could be due to an unhealthy lifestyle. Experts have pointed out a few causes that potentially put a woman at a risk of developing PCOD and PCOS:

Insulin Resistance:

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas. It helps regulate blood sugar levels and metabolic functions of the body. Insulin resistance happens when cells in the body don’t respond properly to insulin. This causes the body to be exposed to too much blood sugar over time. As a result, pancreas produces even more insulin to overcome increasing blood glucose levels. Excess Insulin causes the body to increase the production of androgens, which disrupts ovulation. Doctors believe that a high insulin level is one of the most important factors in developing PCOD and PCOS.

Inflammation:

Chronic low-grade inflammation is believed to be a key factor in developing of PCOS and PCOD. This inflammation occurs when the body’s immune system overreacts to its own tissues and cells. Inflammation can be triggered due to stress, autoimmune conditions or an unhealthy lifestyle and diet.

SYMPTOMS:

The symptoms of both conditions can vary from person to person and some symptoms also overlap that is why it gets hard to diagnose in early stages. PCOD has a lot of symptoms that are common with PCOS like weight gain, acne, hair loss, fertility issues, irregular or unpredictable periods, heavy bleeding, irregular sleeping patterns and mood swings. Symptoms of PCOS may have additional issues like fatigue, anxiety, depression, high blood pressure, diabetes as well as cardiovascular risks- especially if the condition is not treated. PCOD symptoms can be managed with a few healthy lifestyle changes. PCOS is considered a more serious condition as it as a disorder that affects the endocrine system. Treatment plans are based on a person’s symptoms. The doctor to find the underlying cause and treat it accordingly might do tests. Treatment may include a combination of oral medications like birth control pills, medicines to block androgens and lifestyle changes.

Managing the symptoms:

One of the most recommended treatments for PCOD and PCOS alike is a healthy and active lifestyle.

Diet modification can go long way when it comes to managing symptoms of both conditions. A healthy diet of fruits and leafy vegetables is a must. Intake of sugar, processed foods, red meat and alcohol should be extremely limited. Foods like whole grains, legumes, non-starchy vegetables, healthy fats like avocados, nuts, seeds and olive oil should be included in the diet. Eating regular meals and little snacks throughput the day will help regulate blood sugar levels in the body and keep insulin variations to a minimum.

Engaging in Regular Exercise will help improve metabolism, insulin sensitivity, manage weight and will also help you sleep better. The best exercises to manage PCOD and PCOS are brisk walking, Yoga, swimming and strength training. A combination of these workouts will also increase flexibility, endurance and boost your overall health.

Stress Management is crucial for managing PCOD and PCOS. Stress can significantly worsen the symptoms of both the conditions by disrupting hormone balance which leads to triggering several of the symptoms like increasing insulin resistance and inflammation. Chronic stress can also lead to mental health issues like anxiety or extreme mood swings. Incorporating a few stress management techniques like meditation, practicing mindfulness and exercising will help relieve stress and improve your overall wellbeing.

Avoid harmful substances like alcohol, drugs and cigarettes. These can worsen insulin resistance and increase cardiovascular risks related to both the conditions.

While there is no proper “cure” for both PCOD and PCOS, both of the conditions are not life threatening and can be controlled and managed effectively by making a few lifestyle changes. If you suspect you have either of the condition consult a doctor so an accurate diagnosis and treatment can be provided to you as soon as possible.